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教育學刊出版倫理聲明
編輯者義務
- 同儕審查
基於「同儕評審」(peer review)的結果，依據研究議題本身或對其他研究者或讀者的重要性，編輯者可決定是否出版投稿文章。編輯者需遵行相關期刊編輯指導原則與法律原則。編輯者可授權審查者行使出版決定權。
- 公平競爭
編輯者需按論文內容進行評審，不得以種族、性別、性傾向、宗教、國籍與政治信仰為評審標準。
- 機密原則
編輯者與相關人員不得向相關作者、審查者、編輯顧問與出版商公開論文之任何訊息。
- 公開與利益衝突原則
未取得作者之同意，編輯者不得將論文中未發表資料作為個人研究之用。
由同儕審查者所提供之相關修改建議與訊息不得挪為私人使用。
當編輯者認為與投稿作者、企業與組織構成競爭、合作或其他關聯等利益衝突時，必須迴避稿件審查。
編輯者需要求所有研究貢獻者公開相關利益衝突資訊。若利益衝突於出版後被揭露，需發表更正說明或發表撤銷出版或利害關係聲明等必要措施。
須確保贊助品(sponsored supplements)在同儕審查的過程中沒有特別待遇，其審查要求與其他論文相同。贊助品項目須完全符合學術使用之價值，而非商業利益考量。
若無同儕審查，須清楚揭露。
- 調查參與
當投稿論文發生違反著作倫理事件之控訴，編輯者與發行者需採取適度因應措施，包括聯繫作者或相關單位並告知其缺失。一旦確定違反學術倫理，必須立刻採取更正、撤回、釐清聲明等措施。即使是已刊登的論文，仍具追訴效力。
審查者義務
- 審查能力
被委任之審查者若認為不適任或無法及時完成審查，必須通知總編輯並主動要求撤銷審查委員資格。
- 保密原則
審查者必須將審查的論文原稿視為機密文件，不得向編輯者以外之人透漏任何訊息。
- 客觀標準
審查委員必須排除個人觀點，公正且客觀地執行評審工作，並提出具建設性的審查意見。
- 來源告知
審查者必須能辨識出作者沒有引註的相關資料，舉凡前人所進行之監測、調查或內容均須附在相關引註內。審查者也必須提醒編輯者留意論文中任何與其他作者可能相似或部分重疊之處。
- 公開原則與利益衝突
未取得作者之同意，審查者不得將論文中未發表資料挪為己用。當審查委員認為與其他作者、企業與組織構成競爭、合作或其他關聯等利益衝突時，必須迴避審查工作。
在評審與發表程序當中，主編、編輯委員會成員與出版者均需遵照Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)之指導方針，即Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors與Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers，以確保沒有違反出版倫理與造成任何不當出版之行為。
作者義務
- 論文標準
作者需於論文中表達該著作相關研究數據之精確度與重要性，並且明白寫出基本研究資料。研究論文必須包含參考資料與重要細節，以利他人重複實驗。任何構成不道德行為之詐欺與不正確敘述，均是不被接受的。
- 資料使用與保留
作者需保留原始數據，能於審查過程中提供給審查者進行審查，並於出版後的一段合理時間，提供公眾取得之方式。
- 原創性與剽竊
作者應確保整篇論文均為原創，若有使用其他作者之論述，須明確引述。剽竊或抄襲等不道德行為是不被接受的，包含私自挪用他人結論為自己成果、複製或重新闡示其他作品之精華與仿冒他人作品為自己著作。
- 複合、重複或同時出版之出版品
作者不應同時發表本質上相同的研究論文(報告)於多個期刊或出版品，或將同一份原稿投稿至不同期刊，此均為不符出版倫理的不當行為且不被接受。一般而言，作者曾被發表的研究不能再投稿至另一期刊。
- 資料來源之告知
作者必須善盡引用他人作品的責任，並應列舉出影響研究本質的因素。私底下獲得之資訊，例如：對話、書信、第三方之討論等，若無資料來源明確的書面授權函，即不應使用或發表。若為因審查他人論文而獲得之資訊，例如：審閱他人稿件或計畫補助申請書，如無原作者的書面授權同意，不應使用或發表。
- 論文作者之列名
舉凡對於論文有構思、設計、執行或闡明等重要貢獻者均需列於共同作者之列，若有參與相關研究計畫之人員也必須詳列清楚。通訊作者需確保所有具有貢獻的共同作者都列名於作者列，且對論文沒有貢獻者不應列名。通訊作者需確認每位共同作者於投稿前都完成檢視文件，並同意投稿。
- 危害物與人、動物之實驗對象
若研究涉及會產生嚴重危害之化學品、研究過程或器具設施，作者需詳細闡述之。若研究工作包含人類或動物等實驗對象，作者需於論文詳述過程，並確保合乎相關法律規定與制度之指導方針。對於以人類試驗對象之研究，作者需於論文內聲明進行人體試驗之同意權，且需永久保護人體試驗對象之隱私權。
- 利益衝突
作者需公開揭露任何可能被視為影響研究結果或結果闡釋的利益衝突事項，包含資金補助、計畫補助、僱傭關係、顧問、材料物品擁有權、報酬、專家證詞費用、專利申請／註冊或捐款授權。未來可能的利益衝突之資料必須儘早提供。
- 研究內容之錯誤
當作者發現研究內容含有錯誤或不正確資訊，應迅速通知編輯者，並採取撤回論文或修改內容等相關措施。若編輯者經第三方得知研究論文包含重大錯誤，作者除需採取以上動作，尚需提供編輯者正確資訊。
Educational Review publishing ethics
Duties of editors
- Publication decisions
The editor of a peer-reviewed journal is responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published. The validation of the work in question and its importance to researchers and readers must always drive such decisions. The editor may be guided by the policies of the journals editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements. The editor may confer with reviewers in making this decision.
- Fair play
An editor should evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.
- Confidentiality
The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.
- Disclosure and conflicts of interest
Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editors own research without the express written consent of the author.
Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage.
Editors should recuse themselves (i.e. should ask a co-editor, associate editor or other member of the editorial board instead to review and consider) from considering manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or (possibly) institutions connected to the papers.
Editors should require all contributors to disclose relevant competing interests and publish corrections if competing interests are revealed after publication. If needed, other appropriate action should be taken, such as the publication of a retraction or expression of concern.
It should be ensured that the peer-review process for sponsored supplements is the same as that used for the main journal. Items in sponsored supplements should be accepted solely on the basis of academic merit and interest to readers and not be influenced by commercial considerations.
Non-peer reviewed sections of their journal should be clearly identified.
- Involvement and cooperation in investigations
An editor should take reasonably responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper, in conjunction with the publisher (or society). Such measures will generally include contacting the author of the manuscript or paper and giving due consideration of the respective complaint or claims made, but may also include further communications to the relevant institutions and research bodies, and if the complaint is upheld, the publication of a correction, retraction, expression of concern, or other note, as may be relevant. Every reported act of unethical publishing behavior must be looked into, even if it is discovered years after publication.
Duties of reviewers
- Promptness
Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.
- Confidentiality
Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor.
- Standards of objectivity
Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.
- Acknowledgement of sources
Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A reviewer should also call to the editors attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which they have personal knowledge.
- Disclosure and conflict of interest
Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in a reviewers own research without the express written consent of the author. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.
During the review and publication processes, the editor-in-chief, editorial board members, and the publisher also follow the guidelines, "Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and "Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers" suggested by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) to keep publication ethics intact and avoid publication malpractice.
Duties of authors
- Reporting standards
Authors of reports of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable.
- Data access and retention
Authors may be asked to provide the raw data in connection with a paper for editorial review, and should be prepared to provide public access to such data, if practicable, and should in any event be prepared to retain such data for a reasonable time after publication.
- Originality and plagiarism
The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others, and that this has been appropriately cited or quoted.
Plagiarism takes many forms, from passing off anothers paper as the authors own paper, to copying or paraphrasing substantial parts of anothers paper (without attribution), to claiming results from research conducted by others. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.
- Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication
An author should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. In general, an author should not submit for consideration in another journal a previously published paper.
- Acknowledgement of sources
Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work. Information obtained privately, as in conversation, correspondence, or discussion with third parties, must not be used or reported without explicit, written permission from the source. Information obtained in the course of confidential services, such as refereeing manuscripts or grant applications, must not be used without the explicit written permission of the author of the work involved in these services.
- Authorship of the paper
Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors. The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included on the paper, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.
- Hazards and human or animal subjects
If the work involves chemicals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use, the author must clearly identify these in the manuscript. If the work involves the use of animal or human subjects, the author should ensure that the manuscript contains a statement that all procedures were performed in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and that the appropriate institutional committee(s) has approved them. Authors should include a statement in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects. The privacy rights of human subjects must always be observed.
- Disclosure and conflicts of interest
All authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.
Examples of potential conflicts of interest which should be disclosed include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest stage possible.
- Fundamental errors in published works
When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the authors obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper. If the editor or the publisher learns from a third party that a published work contains a significant error, it is the obligation of the author to promptly retract or correct the paper or provide evidence to the editor of the correctness of the original paper.
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