學校文化的教育設計 更多文章

The Educational Design of the Culture of the School

從社會科學的觀點探討教育與文化之間的關係,經常涉及兩項問題:一是教育問題的文化根源,二是學校文化的了解及改變。就前一問題言,教育問題的產生有其文化因素,其解決自應重視文化背景中的事實及價值觀念。就後一問題言,影響學校教育成敗者為整個學校文化,而非教師工作的單獨影響。依此而論,若欲單以教育制度的改變解決所有教育問題,必難達成目的;若欲單以教師的努力達成教育成效,亦無法竟其全功。本文係探討後一問題(註一)全文分為三部分:第一部分闡述學校文化的意義與性質,第二部分說明學校文化的形成因素;第三部分則歸納從事學校文化教育設計的原則。

This paper analyzes the problem of the culture of the school from the sociological point of view. The first part of the paper describes the meaning and nature of the culture of the school. The characteristics emphasized in this part are:The culture of the school is a kind of subculture, a kind of complex culture. In the school, culture conflict is inevitable, but it is usually followed by cultural integration. Some cultures of the school have negative influences, but they are subject to change. The culture of the school can be changed and led to the desired direction.
The second part of this paper deals with the determining factors of the culture of the school. The teachers' values and behavior patterns, student subculture, school administrators' latent culture, community culture, school material culture, school traditions, ceremonies and rules are respectively examined.
The third part of this paper summarizes the six principles guiding the educational design of the culture of the school. They are:(1)to strengthen the professional behavior of the teacher;(2)to understand and change the student subculture;(3)to control the behavior patterns of the school administrators who are not educational professionals;(4)to select and use community culture;(5)to have educational arrangements of school material environments and facilities;(6)to work out proper school traditions ceremonies, rules and systems.