臺灣的高等教育擴張與階級複製：混合效應維續的不平等   全文下載 更多文章

How does the Expansion of Higher Education Reproduce Class Inequality? The Case of Taiwan

臺灣高等教育擴張究竟促進了階級流動，還是造成階級複製的惡化，或者改變了階級複製的機制？本研究運用臺灣社會變遷基本調查與新韋伯派的階級分類法，檢視高等教育擴張對學生教育機會分配的影響。結果顯示，高教擴張導致大學水平分化，優勢階級子女就讀篩選性高且教學資源充裕的公立一般大學、進而增加繼續就讀研究所的機會，而中、下階級家庭子女易進入學費較高與教學資源相對缺乏的私立或技職大學，在背負學貸或打工還債影響學業成績的壓力下，繼續就讀研究所的機率較低，證明在臺灣高等教育擴張的過程中，「有效維續不平等」與「極力維續不平等」效果同時混合起來維繫階級不平等，臺灣高等教育擴張政策幾乎沒有改變既有的階級複製，反而使之以更隱晦的方式延續。

Does the expansion of higher education in Taiwan facilitate social mobility, or form a horizontal stratification in higher education to maintain social inequality? Using the Taiwan Social Change Survey, this paper examines the effects of higher educational expansion on the distribution of educational opportunities among students with different family backgrounds. The findings show that the expansion of higher education produces horizontal stratification within higher education. Advantaged students are more likely to attend selective and prestigious public colleges and to enter graduate schools as a result of higher educational expansion, while lowerclass students tend to enter lower-ranking private colleges with higher tuition. These results reveal that both Maximally Maintained Inequality and Effectively Maintained Inequality hypotheses work during a period of educational expansion. Finally, due to differences in tuition and the wage gap in the labor market between public and private college students, educational expansion policy in Taiwan has not mitigated class inequality, and has even functioned in subtle ways to maintain this inequality.